Joelton Elementary School is named for the Joelton community in which it is located. The first Joelton Elementary School was built around 1900 on Bernard Road. There were two classrooms and the enrollment varied from 30 to 40 students, with two teachers. In 1908, the county built a large frame school to accommodate the increasing enrollment. As there was no high school in the community at that time, the new elementary school offered 10 grades. In 1923, the high school was separated from the elementary grades.
In 1932, a large, modern brick building was completed on Whites Creek Pike. In the 1940s, part of the old Lickton School and all of the Forest Grove School were absorbed into Joelton Elementary. In 1952-53, a cafeteria was added and, in 1966, four additional classrooms.
In 1989, a new Joelton Elementary was constructed just down the street on Whites Creek Pike and the old building was torn down. The school mascot is the Blue Jay and colors are blue and white.